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In looking at Oriental Roller Pigeons, it seems likely to me that the fat that is built up rapidly each week in the body cavity among the intestines, etc., is probably of the "migratory" type because it is well utilised and may be almost completely depleted, depending on the severity of the race, by the end of the race.

From a biological point of view then, pigeon races each week may well represent a repeated migratory phase of their lives.

White muscle fibres contain little or no myoglobin, and as a result they have developed the capacity to utilise glycogen in the absence of oxygen in the production of energy for their explosive role in flight. Also, because they don't contain the pigmented compound myoglobin,the oriental roller pigeons are very pale, and are described as white.

Thus, the great breast muscles of the domestic chicken or turkey are comprised mainly of white fibres, and appear pale for that reason. By comparison, the massive breast muscles of the pigeon and any cut of beef for that matter, are good examples of muscles that contain mainly red fibres.

The breast muscles of the rollers pigeons contain two types of muscle - red and white - with red muscle by far the most abundant. Why does red muscle appear red or red-brown, and white muscle white or at least pale?

The difference lies in the fact that red muscle contains myoglobin, a complex, pigmented chemical structure that is similar to haemoglobin, the compound that imparts the red colour to blood. Both haemoglobin and myoglobin contain iron, which gives them their red colour, and both have a great capacity to hold oxygen for transfer to tissues.

Red muscle fibres contain abundant myoglobin which holds and then transfers plentiful supplies of oxygen to the muscle structures known as mitochondria -- the powerhouses of all cells, where ATP is generated -- that utilise the fat in the production of energy for flight.

To digress momentarily, cells in various organs of the body are of different types, shapes and functions. For example, cells of the liver look like sugar cubes or dice; some brain cells resemble a spider or an octopus; skin cells, especially those near the surface, are flat like pancakes, and so on. When muscle cells are separated out from the main breast muscles by delicate microtechniques, they are seen to be elongated or thread-like, and in fact, resemble fine threads or fibres. Hence, by convention, muscles cells are usually described as fibres.

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